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The prevalence of energy metabolism-related metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, fatty liver, and cardiovascular diseases, is trending upwards over years. Not only glucose and lipid metabolism but also amino acid metabolism are involved in the pathogenesis, among which branched-chain amino acids are most widely studied. Isoleucine is an important branched-chain amino acid. Its relevance to metabolic diseases has caught more attention in recent years. This review is to highlight advances in isoleucine and energy metabolism.
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Objective To evaluate the expression of FUNDC1 and its clinical significance in non-small cell lung cancer. Methods We used TCGA database to analyze the difference of mitochondrial receptors (DRP1, BNIP3, FUNDC1, NIX, RHEB, LC3, OPA1 and MFN1) expression between normal and NSCLC tissues, as well as its effect on the prognosis of NSCLC patients. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect FUNDC1 expression. The correlations between FUNDC1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics, prognosis were evaluated by SPSS 22.0 statistical software. Results FUNDC1 expression was increased in NSCLC tissues, compared with normal tissues. FUNDC1 expression was related to the degree of differentiation and lymph node metastasis, but not to gender, age, pathological type, distant metastasis or TNM classification. The Cox regression analysis showed that FUNDC1 protein expression, lymph node metastasis, differentiation degree were independent prognostic factors of NSCLC. Increased FUNDC1 expression was related to decreased OS and PFS (P < 0.01). Conclusion The up-regulation of FUNDC1 expression can affect the prognosis of patients with NSCLC. It may be a new potential target for treating with NSCLC.
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Objective To analyze the mortality risk and evaluate the curative effects of surgery and non-surgery on NSCLC with diameter > 7.0 cm. Methods We collected the data of NSCLC patients with diameter > 7.0 cm from 2010 to 2015 from the SEER database. The 1, 2, 3-year survival rates were analyzed by life table method. Overall survival curve was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to analyze the independent prognostic factors. Results The 1, 2, 3-year survival rates were 51.8%, 33.0% and 25.0%, respectively. In univariate and multivariate analyses, tumor size, N stage and treatment were the independent prognostic factors (P < 0.001). Conclusion Surgery is benefited for the prognosis of stage N0-N1 NSCLC patients with diameter > 7.0 cm. And for stage N2 NSCLC patients with diameter 7.0-9.0 cm, surgical treatment has advantages in improving the prognosis. Surgical and non-surgical patients with tumor diameter ≥9.0 cm or lymph node N3 stage have no statistically significant differences in prognosis. In addition, palliative treatment does not improve the prognosis of patients.
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Objective To explore the effect and diagnostic value of G protein coupled receptor 4 (LGR4) on the establishment of neovascularization of HPV infected cervical cancer tissue.Methods From March 2016 to December 2017,thirty cases of HPV infected cervical cancer,cervical precancerous lesion and cervical health in Lan County Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Center were selected as subjects.After the consent of the stubjects,specimens were collected.Immunohistochemical method was used to observe the positive rate of LGR4 in three kinds of tissue specimens.The diagnostic value of LGR4 in differentiation,staging and typing of cervical cancer was observed by screening test,and the expression of related pro-angiogenic factors in LGR4-positive tissues was observed.Results The difference in the expression of LGR4 in healthy tissue,precancerous lesions and cervical cancer tissues was statistically significant (x2=24.104,P =0.000).The positive rate of LGR4 expression in cervical cancer tissue was 80％ (24/30),which was significantly higher than that in healthy group 16.7％ (5/30) and precancerous lesion tissue 50％ (15/30),the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The sensitivity of LGR4 was 80.00％,the specificity was 83.33％,the positive predictive value was 82.76％,the negative predictive value was 80.65％,the diagnostic accuracy was 81.67％ and the Kappa value was 0.63,which has good consistency.The differences of LGR4 positive rate in different age,different degree of differentiation and different clinical stages were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Laboratory results showed that CRP,PCT,VEGF and TGF-β3 in LGR4-positive tissues of cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer were significantly higher than those in LGR4-negative tissues,the differences were statistically significant (t=9.247,2.925,39.669,15.348,P＜0.05).Conclusion LGR4 can promote the establishment of neovascularization in cervical cancer and has certain diagnostic value for cervical cancer and cervical precancerous lesions.
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Objective To explore nursing safety management path of patients treat with modified electroconvulsive therapy(MECT) to improve the quality of nursing and reduce the adverse events. Methods According to the theory of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point(HACCP)and the SBAR standard communicative model, design and apply nurses handover check list for patients who treat with MECT(the following are referred to as MECT form).The nurses used MECT form to evaluate and manage the risk of patients before and after MECT treatment. This was also help to control the standardization criterion of nursing before and after treatment,meanwhile reduce the risk of treatment.Analyze the data of adverse event before and after applied this MECT form. Results After applied this form for one year,the number of above levle-0 adverse events decreased from 3.51% (191/5 441) to 1.05% (61/5 817) (x2=77.856, P 0.05). Conclusion The application of MECT form improves the nursing quality of MECT treatment in psychiatric department and secure the nursing safety.
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Objective To compare and analyze the causes that occurred in psychiatric and general department using SHEL models, in order to provide evidence of preventing nursing adverse events.Methods We analyzed causes of 136 nursing adverse events using SHEL models, and compared the classification, causes, incidence of nursing adverse events between psychiatric and general departments. Results The first three nursing adverse events in psychiatric department were medication error,going outside, suicide and self harm, and those in general department were medication errors, specimens being wrong, improper operation and pipeline off. 91.18% of nursing adverse events accounted for quality of nursing services, 43.38% accounted for nursing environment, 41.18% accounted for clinical environment,and 57.35% accounted for parties and others. Incidence of nursing adverse events in psychiatric department were higher than that in general department. Conclusions SHEL model can objectively and comprehensively analyze the causes of nursing adverse events, and make nursing managers take the appropriate management strategy and the best safeguard against the risk of development of response.